00:50 GMT 17 Apr 2018 The son, too, embraced left-wing politics and joined the Young Socialists when he was 17, after he enrolled at the Hornsey School of Art to study painting and sculpture. [84] Despite reports to the contrary, Philby's wife claimed in a 1997 interview that the idea of Philby becoming depressed and destitute in Moscow was "a myth". In 1949 Philby was appointed first secretary to the British Embassy in Washington and served as chief British liaison with American intelligence agencies. "If he continued drinking, he got inebriated quickly and changed in front of your eyes," she said. [85], Philby found work in the early 1970s in the KGB's Active Measures Department churning out fabricated documents. Their fifth child, Harry George, was born in 1950. [39][5], The intervention of Philby in the affair and the subsequent capture of Volkov by the Soviets might have seriously compromised Philby's position. He said that there was no discipline there; he made friends with the archivist, which enabled him for years to take secret documents home, many unrelated to his own work, and bring them back the next day; his handler took and photographed them overnight. She would be his silent witness for all the difficult years ahead. His mother resented Burgess and his close relationship with her husband, and began staging accidents to claim attention; she reported being mugged in her car; on another occasion she set fire to the living room, suffering serious burns. "Kim" Philby, history, interviews, KGB, MI6, News, NKVD, Rufina Pukhova-Philby, UK, USSR. In 1971, Philby married Rufina Pukhova, a Russo-Polish woman 20 years his junior, with whom he lived until his death in 1988. He joined (1917) the British foreign service, was sent on a special mission to Arabia, and became the first European to visit the southern provinces of the Nejd. This is absolutely the best place for us. [7][pageneeded], At Cambridge, Philby showed his "leaning towards communism," in the words of his father St John, who went on to write: "The only serious question is whether Kim definitely intended to be disloyal to the government while in its service. Solomon introduced Philby to the woman who would become Philby's second wife, Aileen Furse. regarding his possible Soviet affiliations continued. [citation needed], The SIS planned to interrogate Maclean on 28 May 1951. '', Finding himself the son of the most reviled man in Britain, Philby jnr was nonetheless surprised to discover how like his father he was; he was the closest of his siblings to his father, and visited him in the Soviet Union on at least 12 occasions. The comments below have not been moderated, By Shortly after the extent of Philby's penetration was publicised in October. The intercepted messages revealed that the British Embassy source (identified as "Homer") travelled to New York City to meet his Soviet contact twice a week. Philby had repeated his claim that there were no such agents. In February 1947, Philby was appointed head of British intelligence for Turkey, and posted to Istanbul with his second wife, Aileen, and their family. On the 50th anniversary of Philbys defection to Moscow, British newspaper The Daily Telegraph carried an article with excerpts of interviews with one of Philbys sons, Dudley Thomas Philby, and his Russian widow, Rufina Pukhova Philby. He claimed he made the admission to her to excuse his lateness for their meetings when he was busy handling documents and rendezvousing with his Soviet handler. Angleton remained suspicious of Philby, but lunched with him every week in Washington. Philby's award of the Order of the British Empire was cancelled and annulled in 1965. She was later sent to a Swiss clinic for treatment. Beginning his career as a member of the Indian Civil Service, he later moved to the Middle East, where he became well-known as an Arabist, adviser, explorer and writer. Turkish intelligence took them to a border crossing into Georgia but soon afterwards shots were heard. This entailed responsibility for a network of undercover operatives in several cities such as Madrid, Lisbon, Gibraltar and Tangier. Johnson was killed outright, and Neil and Sheepshanks soon died of their injuries. At this point, however, Philby and Friedmann separated. 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"[69] Prompted by Elliott's accusations, Philby confirmed the charges of espionage and described his intelligence activities on behalf of the Soviets. [5], Kim Philby, memorandum in Security Service Archives (1963). Philby died in the city in 1988, 25 years after defecting to the Soviet Union, where he was employed as an occasional consultant to the KGB helping to prepare spies for missions to the west. She asked, "Could the SIS really be such fools they failed to notice suitcase-loads of papers leaving the office? 894646. "" ( : Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby ; 1 1912 - 11 1988) . He was 65. "His alcoholism was suicide," she told the Moskovsky Komsomolets newspaper. On 23 May, concerned that Maclean had not yet fled, Philby wired Burgess, ostensibly about his Lincoln convertible abandoned in the Embassy car park. He was very good when he was around. He. No connection with Philby was made at the time, and Krivitsky was found shot in a Washington hotel room the following year. Source for information on Philby, Harry St. John Bridger: The Columbia . When young Philby's mother died in 1957, none of her children was invited to the funeral, and he never knew where she was buried. She flirted with other men and had affairs. After Philby defected to the Soviet Union in 1963, Eleanor visited him in Moscow. The NKVD complained to Cecil Barclay, the SIS representative in Moscow, that information had been withheld. For most of us, January 23, 2013, was a day like any other. It seemed a fitting finale for such a notable spy. [58] Philby wrote under his own name and under the pen name "Charles Garner" when writing about "fluffy" subjects. Years later, Philby snr told his son that Burgess had kept his standard-issue KGB revolver and camera hidden under the boy's bed. Philby was a 19-year-old art student when his father was exposed in 1963 as a traitor. The gang of British spies who ended up in Moscow in the 1950s and 1960s were employed in KGB training schools and international research institutes. [78][pageneeded] Philby was under virtual house arrest, guarded, with all visitors screened by the KGB. In early May 1951, Burgess got three speeding tickets in a single daythen pleaded diplomatic immunity, causing an official complaint to be made to the British Ambassador. They took the train to Zurich, where they changed trains to Schwarzach in Austria. But the rezident (Russian term for spymaster) in France, probably Pierre at this time, suggested to Moscow that he suspected Philby's motives. [63] From 1960, Philby's formerly marginal work as a journalist became more substantial and he frequently travelled throughout the Middle East, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait and Yemen. there is a new book on the shelves, a fictional account of philby and his recruitment when he went to vienna austria, then returning to Britain to carry out his duties. burial place . Pierre-Charles Path. In 1936 he began working at a failing trade magazine, the Anglo-Russian Trade Gazette, as editor. [58] He and Eleanor divorced and she departed Moscow in May 1965. This mistake made it possible to break the normally impregnable code. Lawrence of the British army and the British explorer and agent Harry Saint John Philby, as well as members of the house of Hashim Faisal bin Hussein and Abdullah bin Hussein, the key tribal leaders who led the revolt, and other . Wages and incomes of the population. [58] Another meeting was scheduled to take place in the last week of January. Required to take new names and identities, Maclean chose to be Mark Petrovich Frazer (after the Cambridge anthropologist Sir James Frazer of Golden Bough fame, a 12-volume study of mythology and religion). But, after a silence of nearly five years, here was the first actual sighting and confirmation that the runaways were alive. Philby found that the award proved helpful in obtaining access to fascist circles: "Before then," he later wrote, "there had been a lot of criticism of British journalists from Franco officers who seemed to think that the British in general must be a lot of Communists because so many were fighting with the International Brigades. [11][pageneeded], In February 1937, Philby travelled to Seville, Spain, then embroiled in a bloody civil war triggered by the coup d'tat of Falangist forces under General Francisco Franco against the democratic government of President Manuel Azaa. We got together in our cabin to discuss our plans. Jun 27, 2019. Harry George Philby was so named after Harry Truman and George Washington, keeping with. John Philby, who has died aged 65, was the eldest son of the Russian spy Kim Philby, unmasked in 1963 as a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s. Kim leapt up and shouted, 'Whoever is rude to my wife is rude to me!' Alasdair Soussi. [82] Philby continued to read The Times, which was not generally available in the USSR, listened to the BBC World Service, and was an avid follower of cricket. If one accepts Philbys propaganda one can repeat Philbys non-double agent claim. He was happy in Moscow and fulfilled by his work. He briefly reported from Cherbourg and Brest, sailing for Plymouth less than 24 hours before France surrendered to Germany in June 1940. But the two men, for so long ideological comrades, fell out. At the same time, Burgess was trying to get her into MI6. Some could never quite come to terms that he was a traitor. In January 1963, having finally been unmasked as a Soviet agent, Philby defected to Moscow, where he lived until his death in 1988. On the strength of his knowledge and experience of Franco's Spain, Philby was put in charge of the subsection which dealt with Spain and Portugal. Little Donald said perhaps he had gone to India because that would be a good place to hide.. death death: 1988-05-11. manner of death: Natural Causes cause of death: Myocardial Infarction. Philby was posted to the United States the following year, and Burgess, who was second secretary at the British Embassy, lodged with the Philbys at their ramshackle house in Washington. To the frequent question, ''No relation, I hope? To the extent that I helped defeat them, even if it caused their deaths, I have no regrets. In 1965, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. Their first three children, Josephine, John and Tommy Philby, were born between 1941 and 1944. It is also true, she said, that he tried to kill himself at one point. In the capital, he became a magazine correspondent, then a teacher and analyst in a research institute for foreign and economic affairs. [9][pageneeded]. [14] Philby later recalled: Lizzy came home one evening and told me that she had arranged for me to meet a "man of decisive importance". "But he never got aggressive, and just went to bed. While working as a senior member of British intelligence, he spied on behalf of the Soviet NKVD and KGB from the early 1930s until his defection. 4 Comments. LONDON Kim Philby, called the "spy of the century" because of his work for the Soviet Union while a senior officer in British intelligence, died Wednesday in Moscow, the Foreign Office said. He feared that she would dump him because he was just a boring official in the British diplomatic service so to make myself look better and more important, I told her the reason why I led such a life. He reported to the Soviet NKVD from the Spanish civil war under the guise of a correspondent for the Times, and in 1940 joined the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS, or MI6), becoming a double agent and passing many secrets to the Kremlin. Harry St. John Philby, () 3.73 avg rating 11 ratings. Death. And he kept his word to the end." Registered office: 1 London Bridge Street, SE1 9GF. He recalled that in 1948, when he was five, Burgess came to stay for a holiday. She noted that they produced an extraordinary wealth of information on German war plans but next to nothing on the repeated question of British penetration of Soviet intelligence in either London or Moscow. Melinda returned to Donald, but two years later moved to her own apartment. Melinda, it turned out, had driven to Lausanne, where tickets were waiting and luggage had been left in a station locker. We searched every corner until Kim suddenly struck himself on the head with his hand, went to a cupboard and brought back the boot. A more serious threat to Philby's position had come to light. "Kim believed in a just society and devoted his whole life to communism. Half sister of Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby. The two men said very little and the interview lasted barely five minutes. For years he had sabotaged Allied missions behind the Iron Curtain and had calculatedly sent dozens of agents to their deaths. he was an agent of two services, namely MI5 and the Abwehr. When visiting Paris after the war, he was shocked to discover that the address that he used for Mlle Dupont was that of the Soviet embassy. I replied 100, which I hoped would last me about a year in Vienna. By In contrast to Blake, Philby and Burgess and to a less extent Maclean suffered from nostalgia for Britain. Upon her return to Istanbul in late 1948, she was badly burned in an incident with a charcoal stove and returned to Switzerland. But in Russia he is still admired as a hero. But for intelligence history aficionados it marked the 50th anniversary of the escape to Moscow of notorious double spy Harold Adrian Russell Philby. We all loved him enormously. That he could carry on a secret life without her being aware, while at the same time working his way up the ranks of the British Foreign Office, seemed perfectly possible. A plaque in his honour was. [43][pageneeded] Clearly there had been leaks and Philby was later suspected as one of the leakers. Then, with no more information to be had, the story of the Macleans went dead. His drinking made him paranoid that his wife would abandon him. Despite being forced to step down from his MI6 post, he maintained links with the service while working as correspondent for The Observer newspaper in the Middle East. [50] Burgess was sent back to England, where he met Maclean in his London club. His successor, Boris Bazarov, suffered the same fate two years later during the purges. Officially, his post was that of First Secretary to the British Embassy; in reality, he served as chief British intelligence representative in Washington. To protect his family, still living in the USSR, Orlov said nothing about Philby, an agreement Stalin respected. Aileen Philby resented him and disliked his presence; Americans were offended by his "natural superciliousness" and "utter contempt for the whole pyramid of values, attitudes, and courtesies of the American way of life". His ashes were brought back to England, as he had requested, and buried in his parents grave after dark and by torchlight so that the press would not get wind of it. Two years later, a Sunday Times correspondent was in Moscow and about to pack his bags after an unsuccessful attempt to interview the Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev, when, out of the blue, he was invited to a room in his hotel. Colonel David Smiley, an aristocratic Guards officer who had helped Enver Hoxha and his Communist guerillas to liberate Albania, now prepared to remove Hoxha. [37], In February 1934, Philby married Litzi Friedmann, an Austrian Jewish communist whom he had met in Vienna. Philby's work led to the deaths of dozens of British agents, making him a reviled traitor once he was exposed in Britain. He had the policy of never confessinga document in his own handwriting was dismissed as a forgery. Most intelligence historians believe that Philby was almost single-handedly responsible for the deaths of dozens even hundreds of Western intelligence officers and agents who perished during the Cold War while on missions in the USSR and Eastern Europe. . With the goal of potentially arranging Franco's assassination, Philby was instructed to report on vulnerable points in Franco's security and recommend ways to gain access to him and his staff. Philby died of heart failure in Moscow in 1988. [25][26] Philby and Burgess ran a training course for would-be saboteurs at Brickendonbury Manor in Hertfordshire. [11][pageneeded], A more serious incident occurred in August 1945, when Konstantin Volkov, an NKVD agent and vice-consul in Istanbul, requested political asylum in Britain for himself and his wife. He got himself a job teaching English in a school. Pierre-Charles Path est un journaliste franais n le 9 juillet 1910 Boulogne-sur-Mer et mort le 14 novembre 1997 1 Villejuif. [83] Philby claimed publicly in January 1988 that he did not regret his decisions and that he missed nothing about England except some friends, Colman's mustard and Lea & Perrins Worcestershire sauce. Philby's less attractive personal qualities were matched by a charm to which many of his MI6 colleagues succumbed. Yesterday, in our serialisation of an electrifying biography based on newly released papers, we heard how he fled to Moscow just as he was about to be arrested leaving behind his supposedly innocent wife. Birthdate: circa 1922. [65] Nicholas Elliott, an MI6 officer recently stationed in Beirut who was a friend of Philby's and had previously believed in his innocence, was tasked with attempting to secure Philby's full confession. He had got afraid that I would leave, and hidden the boot.". For some 30 years he was an adviser to King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia. The new London rezident, Ivan Chichayev (code-name Vadim), re-established contact and asked for a list of names of British agents being trained to enter the Soviet Union. After Donald Maclean fled to Moscow to escape arrest in Britain as the spy who, for 15 years, had passed state secrets to the Soviet Union, friends of his wife, Melinda, found it easy to believe that she knew nothing of her husbands treachery. Burgess had to get to London to warn Maclean, who was under surveillance. In a way hes always just been my father. Henry was born circa 1823, in Loughton, Essex, England. I questioned her about it but she would give me no details. Hed been worried about leaving her and their children to carry on without him, but shed given him the all-clear to go. Registered in England No. [24], In 1940, on the recommendation of Burgess, Philby joined MI6's Section D, a secret organisation charged with investigating how enemies might be attacked through non-military means. 23. "[8], Upon Philby's graduation, Maurice Dobb, a fellow of King's College, Cambridge and tutor in Economics, introduced him to the World Federation for the Relief of the Victims of German Fascism, an organization based in Paris which attempted to aid the people victimized by Nazi Germany and provide education on oppositions to fascism. Because hed told her from the very start. Born in 1946, Dudley Tommy Philby is the third of Kims five children with his second of four wives, Aileen Furse Philby. Without Club Last club: Basingstoke Most games for: Reading U18 Without Club since: Dec 22, 2018 . Kim Philby attended Trinity College, Cambridge, where, in the early 1930s, with Guy Burgess, Donald Maclean and others, he espoused communism. Aileen died in 1957, when Tommy was just 11 years old; his contact with his father was cut off as soon as the double spy defected to the USSR in January 1963. Stewart Menzies, head of SIS, disliked the idea, which was promoted by former SOE men now in SIS. "He once even said that it was the easiest way to bring life to an end. His birth fell on Armistice day four years. After five years of silence, communications were re-established with family and friends. Alamy. When the news broke in Britain that she, too, had defected, the Press rounded on Melinda, turning the pathetic and lonely figure theyd previously portrayed her as into a scheming deceiver. She was an object of both pity and fascination, and to get away from it all, she moved from their house on the Kent-Surrey border to Switzerland, with her mother. Fergie is horrified that [Donald] might have done something wrong at the office and the FO will be very angry when he returns. He was an agent-in-place or a penetration agent or a mole if you wish of the KGB/NKVD. [61], It is unclear whether Philby had been alerted, but Eleanor noted that as 1962 wore on, expressions of tension in his life "became worse and were reflected in bouts of deep depression and drinking". Following his debriefing in the US, Golitsyn was sent to SIS for further questioning. J. Edgar Hoover complained that Burgess used British Embassy automobiles to avoid arrest when he cruised Washington in pursuit of homosexual encounters. Find out where Kim Philby was born, their birthday and details about their professions, education, religion, family and other life details and facts. Philby was also responsible for liaising with the CIA and promoting "more aggressive Anglo-American intelligence operations". P&P free on orders over 15. [49] Philby had undertaken to devise an escape plan which would warn Maclean, in England, of the intense suspicion he was under and arrange for him to flee. "Once, a big group of us were on a trip on the Volga: Kim and I and, of course, his KGB escort, and the escort's daughter. [17], In London, Philby began a career as a journalist. Eventually, Tommy visited Kim five times in Moscow in the 1970s. Chicago-born Melinda, whom he married in France in 1940, knew all along that Donald was a spy. [58] Golitsyn proceeded to confirm White's suspicions about Philby's role. In 1948, troubled by the heavy drinking and frequent depressions that had become a feature of her husband's life in Istanbul, she experienced a breakdown of this nature, staging an accident and injecting herself with urine and insulin to cause skin disfigurations. Philby snr was the senior officer of Britain's Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) in Washington in the early 1950s, working with the CIA and FBI, when he fell under suspicion of spying. Donald is well and happy to be with his family again. He died in 1983 at the age of 69, recording beforehand that I do not at all regret having done what seemed and still seems to me my duty. Philby, though, began seeing Melinda on the side, confessing as much to his wife and saying that he was just trying to make [Melindas] life happier as she had been miserable for the last 15 years. He later wrote "she had got a tantalising scrap of information about a young English journalist whom the Soviet intelligence had sent to Spain during the Civil War. Matthew Tomkinson / Heart of Arabia Expedition. Macleans study resembled that of a Cambridge professor, with copies of Trollope, biographies of Gladstone and airmail editions of The Times. His wife Eleanor joined him in Moscow, and the Philbys and the Macleans spent a lot of time together, going to the ballet or just having dinner and playing bridge. [92] Melinda left Maclean and briefly lived with Philby in Moscow. Her mood changed, though, with Stalins death in March 1953 and the prospect that the Soviet Union might now become a more open place. Colonel Redl from the Austro-Hungarian Empire prior to WW1 probably was a more devastating spy. [70] The Dolmatova, a Soviet freighter bound for Odessa, had left Beirut that morning so abruptly that cargo was left scattered over the docks;[58] Philby claimed that he left Beirut on board this ship. Kim Philby, the most successful of the Cambridge spies, tried to drink himself to death in Moscow because he was disillusioned with communism and tortured by his own failings, his last wife has said in an interview. [89], In 1940, he began living with Aileen Furse in London. They met each other socially but soon fell out. He said, 'Why do old people live so badly here? [45] A leading figure within the CIA was Philby's wary former colleague, James Jesus Angleton, with whom he once again found himself working closely. In September 1949, the Philbys arrived in the United States. During the summer of 1945, a Soviet cipher clerk had reused a one-time pad to transmit intelligence traffic. [3] St John was a member of the Indian Civil Service (ICS) and later a civil servant in Mesopotamia, and advisor to King Ibn Sa'ud of Saudi Arabia. [11][pageneeded]. Known as Kim to his friends, Philby secretly defected to the USSR from his home in Beirut, Lebanon, in 1963. However, when Elliott asked him to sign a written statement, he hesitated and requested a delay in the interrogation. This role allowed him to conduct sabotage and instruct agents on how to properly conduct sabotage. Philby was suspected of tipping off two other spies under suspicion of Soviet espionage, Donald Maclean and Guy Burgess, both of whom subsequently fled to Moscow in May 1951. Although the father seemed to be an almost heroic figure in the son's eyes, the master spy never explained his treachery to him. "If he did not act at once it would be too late," the telegram read, "because [Philby] would send his car to the scrap heap. ''His boozy amours, his tough postures, his intelligence expertise, are directly related to the same characteristics in (Ian) Fleming's hero. Even after Philby's departure from MI6, speculation[who?] In December 1937, during the Battle of Teruel, a Republican shell hit just in front of the car in which Philby was travelling with the correspondents Edward J. Neil of the Associated Press, Bradish Johnson of Newsweek, and Ernest Sheepshanks[21] of Reuters. His office oversaw a large amount of urgent and top-secret communications between the United States and London. The next day she notified the British Consul in Geneva. [5] He won a scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied history and economics. Philby replied that none had been sent and that none was undergoing training at that time. 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To discuss our plans next day she notified the British Empire was cancelled and annulled in 1965 a... Tommy visited Kim five times in Moscow and fulfilled by his work 1 London Bridge,!