This care can begin even before pregnancy with a pre-pregnancy care visit to a health care provider. a. amnion The first thing to take place is the development of germ layers, which are the different layers of cells in the embryo that will give rise to specific organs and organ systems of the body. Now that you understand the prenatal stages and development of a human baby, it's time to apply your knowledge. Think of these follicles as small containers for each immature egg. The fetal period of prenatal develop marks more important changes in the brain. The end of the third month also marks the end of the first trimester of pregnancy. Get useful, helpful and relevant health + wellness information. b. stress factors Some women notice spotting (slight bleeding) during the one or two days when implantation happens. The fetus is developing muscles and exercising them. Later, during the fetal stage, the environment provided by the mother affects the baby's size, behaviour, intelligence and health, rather than the formation of organs and limbs (Bernstein and Nash, 1999, p. 333). Such transport is relatively rapid until the lower end of the tube is reached, and here cleavage continues for about two days before the multicellular cluster is expelled into the uterus. Between the ninth and twelfth week of gestation (at the earliest), reflexes begin to emerge. Traditionally, we think of a pregnancy as a nine-month process. The outer layer is called the ectoderm, the middle layer is called the mesoderm, and the inner layer is called the endoderm. Out of this group of eggs, one will become mature and continue on through the cycle. This period of development begins during the ninth week and lasts until birth. This process is called cleavage and the resulting cells are blastomeres. At the end of the 10th week of pregnancy, your baby is no longer an embryo. There is the appearance of a neural tube that will later become the brain and spinal cord. Now, let's look at how Steve and Jennifer's baby has been preparing for birth over the last 9 months. a. homozygous After this, a process called gastrulation forms three layers, called germ layers. Updated 2016. A zygote is the term used for a developing baby from the time of fertilization until implantation. The brain andcentral nervous systemalso become more responsive during the second trimester. b Genetic counseling b. stem cell The most notable changes that happen during the fetal stage are the massive change in the size of the fetus and the development of fully functioning organs. Researchers estimate that approximately 60% of all natural conceptions never become properly implanted in the uterus, which results in the new life ending before the mother is ever aware she is pregnant. However, this isnt always the case. The fetus continues to mature and develop reserves of body fat. d. 500,200, Which chromosome carries the fewest number of genes? Prenatal Brain Development Timeline & Stages | When Does a Fetus Develop a Brain? Infant Perceptual Development Overview & Examples | What Is Perceptual Development? After the 8th week, healthcare providers refer to it as a fetus instead of an embryo. Conception is the event that occurs two weeks after fertilization. b. Infant Cognitive Development: Sensorimotor Stage & Object Permanence, Job Performance, Career Change, and Unemployment in Middle Adulthood, Baby Development by Month | Newborn Milestones. Click Play to Learn More About the Stages of Prenatal Development The new title of fetus is now given to the embryo. The union of the sperm and egg cell forms a single cell called a zygote. In this final month, you could go into labor at any time. These weeks are divided into three trimesters. Unfortunately, many teratogens lurk in food and water supplies. The brain developing rapidly at this time, and the fetus can see and hear. All of the structures that make up the internal organs are produced during this stage, and the development of them marks the end of the embryonic stage. Stages of pregnancy. A baby starts from a single cell and then developments into a full baby. a. fetal period b. zygote period c. neonatal period d. embryo c threadlike structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genetic material a. DNA b. chromosomes c. autosomes d. sex chromosomes b The first 22 pairs of chromosomes a. DNA b. chromosomes c. autosomes d. sex chromosomes c The shoulders, back and temples are covered by a soft fine hair called lanugo. d. polygenic inheritance, the process of deliberately seeking environments that are compatible with one's genetic makeup. During this trimester, many people find out whether their baby will be designated male or female at birth. At the moment of fertilization, your babys genetic make-up is complete, including its sex. c. differ from each other Growth of the fetus is continued during this stage of prenatal development. This middle section of pregnancy is often thought of as the best part of the experience. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. One of the first examples of this is a division between the cells that will make up the placenta and the cells that will make up the baby. Verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. You may see the week first (38) and then youll see two numbers separated by a slash mark (6/7). At this stage, you may begin to feel the fetus moving around. Next, the embryonic period lasts from implantation until about 8 weeks from the time of conception. By the fourth day after fertilization, a cluster of about 12 blastomeres passes from the uterine tube into the uterus. These vesicles will eventually develop into parts of the brain, including the structures of the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain.. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. c. germ disc. The biggest change during the fetal stage is the massive change in size of the fetus. c. mercury This person will be a primary driver of the vision for our internal educational efforts and will own eLearning asset development from inception to completion. This tube will later develop into the central nervous system including the spinal cord and brain. She joined Britannica in 2006 and Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The first two weeks after conception are known as the germinal stage,the third through the eighth week is known as the embryonic period, and the time from the ninth week until birth is known as the fetal period. b. heritability coefficient a. niche-picking A blastocyst is a huge ball of cells that will eventually become a baby. When the blastocyte makes contact with the endometrium, the two exchange hormones to help the blastocyte attach. After ovulation, the opened (ruptured) follicle develops into a structure called the corpus luteum. It begins in a Fallopian tube when an ovum is fertilized by a . d. polygenic inheritance, The forces within a family that make children different from one another are referred to as While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Jose, who was adopted at birth, is found to have personality characteristics more similar to his biological mom than to his adoptive mom. During the embryonic period, cells begin to take on different functions through a process called differentiation. Synapses, or the connections between neurons, also begin to develop. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. The finger and toe prints are visible. We offer women's health services, obstetrics and gynecology throughout Northeast Ohio and beyond. At this stage the cluster is called a morula. Periods of development in the life span is usually divided into broad age ranges: the prenatal period (the period from conception to birth), infancy and toddlerhood (birth to age 3), the preschool period (ages 3 to 6), middle childhood (ages 6 to 12), adolescence (ages 12 to 20), young adulthood (ages 20 to 40), middle adulthood (ages 40 to 65), c. inherited traits This is the baby's final preparation for life outside the womb. a. intermittent and extreme These are the most important prenatal stages of human development for a baby. The fetal brain development occurs soon after conception and continues throughout pregnancy at an astonishing speed. c. phenotype This stage continues until about the eighth week after conception. Embryogenesis is a term that can be used to describe all of the processes of embryo development up until the time it becomes a fetus. Teratogens are especially damaging in the embryonic stage because it is a critical period in prenatal development. Conception is the event that occurs approximately two weeks after the fertilization of the mother's egg by the father's sperm. d. sex chromosomes, group of nucleotide bases that provides a specific set of biochemical instructions a. phenylketonuria (PKU) This is the stage where the fetus begins to look more and more like a baby. Weeks 11 to 14. a. gene c. chronic and extreme Since the human egg contains little inert yolk material and since this is distributed rather evenly throughout the cytoplasm, the daughter cells of each mitosis are practically equal in size and composition. This is the most crucial period of prenatal development. The sex of your baby depends on what sperm fertilizes the egg at the moment of conception. Neuropsychol Rev. Within three weeks, the blastocyte cells ultimately form a little ball, or an embryo. All of the processes of embryo development are described by the term embryogenesis. So, how long is the embryonic stage? Many events had to take place before the baby got to the point of ready to be born into this world. Because conception doesn't occur until two weeks after fertilization, this means that the germinal stage is the second to fourth week of pregnancy. As the zygote reaches the point where it contains at least eight cells, the cells begin to take on the characteristics of specific cells in the body that will carry out specific functions. This chain of prenatal development is divided into three periods, the germinal period or zygote period, the embryonic period , and the fetal period . 1. 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 |, Important Updates + Notice of Vendor Data Event, (https://www.acog.org/patient-resources/faqs/pregnancy/how-your-fetus-grows-during-pregnancy), (https://americanpregnancy.org/while-pregnant/fetal-development/), (https://www.cdc.gov/pregnancy/during.html), (https://www.womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/youre-pregnant-now-what/stages-pregnancy), Visitation, mask requirements and COVID-19 information. Through the process of mitosis, the zygote first divides into two cells, then into four, eight, sixteen, and so on. 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