[214] ANC icon Nelson Mandela, asserted in a statement released on 25 January 1990: "The nationalisation of the mines, banks and monopoly industries is the policy of the ANC, and a change or modification of our views in this regard is inconceivable. The Kingdom of Mapungubwe, which was located near the northern border of present-day South Africa, at the confluence of the Limpopo and Shashe rivers adjacent to present-day Zimbabwe and Botswana, was the first indigenous kingdom in southern Africa between AD 900 and 1300. [139][140], About 334,000 South Africans volunteered for full-time military service in support of the Allies abroad. Frere, on his own initiative, without the approval of the British government and with the intent of instigating a war with the Zulu, had presented an ultimatum on 11 December 1878, to the Zulu king Cetshwayo with which the Zulu king could not comply. 4. Another reason for Dutch-speaking white farmers trekking away from the Cape was the abolition of slavery by the British government on Emancipation Day, 1 December 1838. Many African last names reference wealth and the aristocracy. [99] The widening search for gold and other resources were financed by the wealth produced and the practical experience gained at Kimberley. "Women in South Africa: the historiography in English.". 28. [204] The uprising had been precipitated by Government legislation forcing African students to accept Afrikaans as the official medium for tuition,[205] with support from the wider Black Consciousness Movement. On 23 October 1984 the UN Security Council endorsed this formal determination. The Cape Colony was unusual in southern Africa in that its laws prohibited any discrimination on the basis of race and, unlike the Boer republics, elections were held according to the non-racial Cape Qualified Franchise system, whereby suffrage qualifications applied universally, regardless of race. Kaiser Wilhelm's government arranged for the two Boer Republics to purchase modern breech-loading Mauser rifles and millions of smokeless gunpowder cartridges. Abara (Igbo origin) meaning "spirit". The SSDI is a searchable database of more than 70 million names. It is among the most common African last names. CS3012.U5 South Africa 12. [30] Simon van der Stel, the first Governor of the Dutch settlement, famous for his development of the lucrative South African wine industry, was himself of mixed race-origin. It marked the beginning of nine years of British intervention in the affairs of the region, which the British named Transorange. It has been described as one of the most important paleontological discoveries in modern times. The dissolution of the Soviet Union in the late-1980s meant the African National Congress (ANC) in alliance with the South African Communist Party, could no longer depend on the Soviet Union for weaponry and political support. The British suffragette Emily Hobhouse visited British concentration camps in South Africa and produced a report condemning the appalling conditions there. A list of references about Personal Names or Surnames at the Local History and Genealogy Reading Room at the Library of Congress. [24] The free burghers were ex-VOC soldiers and gardeners, who were unable to return to Holland when their contracts were completed with the VOC. At the Blombos cave Professor Raymond Dart discovered the skull of a 2.51 million year old Taung Child in 1924, the first example of Australopithecus africanus ever found. Between 19601994, according to statistics from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, the Inkatha Freedom Party was responsible for 4,500 deaths, South African Police 2,700, and the ANC about 1,300. [96], The Crown Colony of Griqualand West was annexed into the Cape Colony in 1877, enacted into law in 1880. The name is pronounced Col-u-WHA. [134] The South African government issued no war service medal to the black servicemen and the special medal issued by King George V to "native troops" that served the Empire, the British War Medal in bronze, was disallowed and not issued to the SANLC. 78. Pretorius Southern African, Afrikaans From Latin praetor meaning "leader". South Africa's top-secret Special Signals Service played a significant role in the early development and deployment of radio detection and ranging (radar) technology used in protecting the vital coastal shipping route around southern Africa. Kholwa (Southern African origin), meaning "believe" and is found in both Ndebele and Zulu cultures. By January 1907, 53,000 Chinese labourers were working in the gold mines.[115]. In September 1854, 28 Boers accused of cattle rustling were killed in three separate incidents by an alliance of the Ndebele chiefdoms of Mokopane and Mankopane. Since then, the African National Congress has governed South Africa, in an alliance with the South African Communist Party and the Congress of South African Trade Unions. [40], Various theories have been advanced for the causes of the difaqane, ranging from ecological factors to competition in the ivory trade. In 1993, attacks on white civilian targets in public places increased. Ndlovu: Means elephant. British sovereignty of the area was recognised at the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the Dutch accepting a payment of 6 million pounds for the colony. Smuts also signed the Paris Peace Treaty, resolving the peace in Europe, thus becoming the only signatory of both the treaty ending the First World War, and that which ended the Second.[140]. A key act of legislation during this time was the Homeland Citizens Act of 1970. [121] [233] The Zondo Commission of Inquiry was appointed during the Presidency of Cyril Ramaphosa to investigate allegations of state capture related corruption. Click. [239] The government owned power utility Eskom has been plagued with corruption and mismanagement, most notability during the presidency of Jacob Zuma, which has limited its ability to resolve the crisis. [109] In 1895 there was an investment boom in Witwatersrand gold-mining shares. Historically, surnames evolved as a way to sort people into groups - by occupation, place of origin, clan affiliation, patronage, parentage, adoption, and even physical characteristics (like red hair). Elements of the South African Army refused to fight against the Germans and along with other opponents of the government; they rose in an open revolt known as the Maritz Rebellion. It accelerated the formation of several new nation-states, notably those of the Sotho (present-day Lesotho) and the Swazi (now Eswatini (formerly Swaziland)). Paul Kruger, one of the leaders of the uprising, became President of the ZAR in 1883. [22] Bantu-speaking communities reached southern Africa from the Congo basin as early as the 4th century BC. The VOC, one of the major European trading houses sailing the spice route to the East, had no intention of colonizing the area, instead wanting only to establish a secure base camp where passing ships could be serviced and restock on supplies. In 1872, after a long political struggle, it attained responsible government with a locally accountable executive and Prime Minister. In further research at the Blombos cave in 2002, stones were discovered engraved with grid or cross-hatch patterns, dated to some 70,000 years ago. Afrikaans, previously regarded as a low-level Dutch patois, replaced Dutch as an official language of the Union. Blignaut, Charl. Religion was a very important aspect of the settlers culture and the bible and church services were in Dutch. The British High Commission territories of Basutoland (now Lesotho), Bechuanaland (now Botswana), and Swaziland (now Eswatini) continued under direct rule from Britain. Some members of the Torch Commando subsequently became leading figures in the armed wing of the banned African National Congress. Occupation can tell you about your ancestor's social and economic status. Tau m Southern African, Tswana, Sotho. Truth Commission Special Report: APLA attacks. [200] The Truth and Reconciliation Commission noted in 2003 that, despite the ANC's stated policy of attacking only military and police targets, "the majority of casualties of MK operations were civilians. Ade is a Yoruba name meaning crown. Large white South African diasporas, both English- and Afrikaans-speaking, sprouted in Australia, New Zealand, North America, and especially in the UK, to which around 550,000 South Africans emigrated. With the formal end of apartheid in 1994, the new democratic government was saddled with an onerous foreign debt amounting to R86,700,000,000 (US$14,000,000,000 at then current exchange rates) accrued by the former apartheid regime. [162] Four hundred M-113A1 armoured personnel carriers, and 106mm recoilless rifles manufactured in the United States were delivered to South Africa via Israel. Likewise the Indian element (led by Mahatma Gandhi) generally supported the war effort. Anthony Egan, Review of "The Hidden Thread: Russia and South Africa in the Soviet Era" by Irina Filatova & Apollon Davidson, Phyllis Johnson & David Martin, Apartheid Terrorism: The destabilisation report, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989, p.122, UN General Assembly, res n 2154 (XXI), 17 November 1966. [24] To this end, a small VOC expedition under the command of Jan van Riebeeck reached Table Bay on 6 April 1652. [155], From 1948, successive National Party administrations formalised and extended the existing system of racial discrimination and denial of human rights into the legal system of apartheid,[156] which lasted until 1991. There are 3,000 census records available for the last name South African. Lennet South African Letesha South African Louw Afrikaans Louw is a surname that has pre 7th century Germanic origins. [88] War broke out again in 1865. [212] It is the tenth most common family name in the Republic of South Africa. Meaning: 'Flower' or 'blossom.' 4. [67] Members of this mixed-race community formed the core of what was to become the Griqua people. Modern human settlement occurred around 125,000 years ago in the Middle Stone Age, as shown by archaeological discoveries at Klasies River Caves. 6. This list of 100 African girl names includes their meanings, variations, and countries of origin. Racial segregation and white minority rule known officially as apartheid, an Afrikaans word meaning "separateness", was implemented in 1948. [127], Dissatisfaction with British influence in the Union's affairs reached a climax in September 1914, when impoverished Boers, anti-British Boers and bitter-enders launched a rebellion. [24] Others, now known as the SothoTswana peoples (Tswana, Pedi, and Sotho), settled in the interior on the plateau known as the Highveld,[24] while today's Venda, Lemba, and Tsonga peoples made their homes in the north-eastern areas of present-day South Africa. Following Lord Carnarvon's successful introduction of federation in Canada, it was thought that similar political effort, coupled with military campaigns, might succeed with the African kingdoms, tribal areas and Boer republics in South Africa. Germany was the primary supplier of weapons to the Boers during the subsequent AngloBoer war. [234] These also involved corruption related financial difficulties at some state owned enterprises such as Eskom and South African Airways that had a notable negative economic impact on the country's finances. Afumba (Zambian origin) meaning "when they plan". He appealed to the British for help against Ndlambe, who retaliated in 1819 during the Fifth Frontier War by attacking the British colonial town of Grahamstown. [216] A wealth tax on the super-rich to fund developmental projects was set aside, while domestic and international corporations, enriched by apartheid, were excused from any financial reparations. He then set out on a massive programme of expansion, killing or enslaving those who resisted in the territories he conquered. However, there was competition for land, and this tension led to skirmishes in the form of cattle raids from 1779. Information department, Government of Lesotho. [118] The enormous wealth of the mines was in the hands of European "Randlords" overseeing the mainly British foreign managers, mining foremen, engineers and technical specialists, characterised by the Boers as uitlander, meaning aliens. [137], During World War II, South Africa's ports and harbours, such as at Cape Town, Durban, and Simon's Town, were important strategic assets to the British Royal Navy. The British then seized the Cape in 1795 to prevent it from falling into French hands. The armed incursion became known as the Jameson Raid. English and Dutch became the two official languages in 1925.[129][130]. Truth and Reconciliation Commission (1998), Findings in respect of the state and its allies: findings 82, 100 c, 100 f, 101, 102 pp. "[201], The national liberation movement was divided in the early 1960s when an "Africanist" faction within the ANC objected to an alliance between the ANC and the Communist Party of South Africa. These groups were displaced or sometimes absorbed by migrating Africans (Bantus) during the Bantu expansion from Western and Central Africa. Over several hundred years, borders have been made, changed and broken, making family history difficult to trace. [114] The decision was made to start importing Chinese indentured labourers who were prepared to work for far less wages than local African labourers. [27], The VOC had settled at the Cape in order to supply their trading ships. [191] South African involvement in Angola ended formally after the signing of a United Nations-brokered agreement known as the New York Accords between the governments of Angola, Cuba and South Africa, resulting in the withdrawal of all foreign troops from Angola and also South Africa's withdrawal from South West Africa (now Namibia), which the UN regarded as illegally occupied since 1966. The rebel leaders were prosecuted, fined heavily and sentenced to imprisonment ranging from six to seven years. The death penalty was abolished, land reform and redistribution policies were introduced, and equitable labour laws legislated. Mannan is also a Muslim surname. The Patriot revolutionaries then proclaimed the Batavian Republic, which was closely allied to revolutionary France. In the eastern part of what is today South Africa, in the region named Natalia by the Boer trekkers, the latter negotiated an agreement with Zulu King Dingane kaSenzangakhona allowing the Boers to settle in part of the then Zulu kingdom. Lesotho, South Africa Kolobe Wild Hog Free State Bagananwa/Bahananwa Sesotho sa Leboa: South Africa Tshwene Baboon Bahurutshe, Limpopo Bahlakoana Sesotho Lesotho, South Africa Free State, Koena, families descending from Disema and Molapo, second and third born sons of Napo a Koena. The Zulu people are part of the Nguni tribe and were originally a minor clan in what is today northern KwaZulu-Natal, founded ca. Variant spellings include Prinzloo and Prinslo. [59] Annexation also precipitated a war between British colonial forces and the indigenous Xhosa nation in 1850, in the eastern coastal region.[60]. Aamina Aamina is a Somali name, meaning "feel safe." This spelling is an alternative transcription of the Arabic name Amenah. The reinforcements arrived in Durban 20 days later; the siege was broken and the Voortrekkers retreated. Cuba had initially provided the MPLA with 230 military advisers prior to the South African intervention. In the 14th and 15th century, Portuguese explorers traveled down the west African Coast, detailing and mapping the coastline and in 1488 they rounded the Cape of Good Hope. An estimated five thousand Zulu warriors were involved. Kaya Female | Kaya means "restful place" and is a popular Zulu name. This has been interpreted as the earliest example ever discovered of abstract art or symbolic art created by Homo sapiens. Sotho-speakers know this period as the difaqane ("forced migration"); Zulu-speakers call it the mfecane ("crushing"). [72] East Griqualand was subsequently annexed by Britain in 1874 and incorporated into the Cape Colony in 1879. "[69] They were joined on their long journey by a number of San and Khoikhoi aboriginals, local African tribesmen, and also some white renegades. There are 642 immigration records available for the last name South African. The Government of National Unity lapsed at the end of the first parliament sitting in 1999, with the ANC becoming the sole party in power while maintaining a strategic alliance with the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) and the South African Communist Party. -- Cape Town : H. Timmins, 1965. Search US census records for South African, View all South African immigration records, Do not sell or share my personal information. Ransford, Oliver. Last names come from indigenous, colonialist, and diasporic roots. [152] On 11 March 1994, several hundred AWB members formed part of an armed right-wing force that invaded the nominally independent "homeland" territory of Bophuthatswana, in a failed attempt to prop up its unpopular, conservative leader Chief Lucas Mangope. It caused the consolidation of groups such as the Matebele, the Mfengu and the Makololo. [235] Other corruption related scandals to emerge during this period included the collapse of VBS Mutual Bank[236] and Bosasa. The colony, with an estimated population of less than 400,000 in 1904[56] ceased to exist in 1910, when it was absorbed into the Union of South Africa as the Orange Free State Province. Available at, Edgerton, Robert B, Africa's armies: from honor to infamy: a history from 1791 to the present (2002) p.109. 3,481 st most common surname in the world and it is an alternative spelling of Naidu. The Jewish population of South Africa in 1880 numbered approximately 4,000; by 1914 it had grown to more than 40,000, mostly migrants from Lithuania. Like the Dutch before them, the British initially had little interest in the Cape Colony, other than as a strategically located port. (2014). When the British refused, Kruger declared war. In mid-1903 there remained barely half of the 90,000 black labourers who had been employed in the industry in mid-1899. [28] The VOC also brought some 71,000 slaves to Cape Town from India, Indonesia, East Africa, Mauritius, and Madagascar.[29]. Within census records, you can often find information like name of household members, ages, birthplaces, residences, and occupations. 1. Means "lion" in Tswana and Sotho. From 2629 April 1994, the South African population voted in the first universal suffrage general elections. Rubinstein, W. D. (2004). Origin of Surnames Throughout history humans have been known by more than one name to distinguish them from other people with the same name. The diggings were located in an area of vague boundaries and disputed land ownership. The name is derived from the dutch word Prins (meaning prince), and a loo suffix meaning clearing in the forest. The weaker and less-skilled Dingaan became king, relaxing military discipline while continuing the despotism. Abebe - Origin: Ethiopian. South African Broadcasting Corporation and South African History Archive, Last edited on 27 February 2023, at 09:53, Learn how and when to remove this template message, migrated from the western region of central Africa, Maritime history of the Dutch East India Company, Military history of the Dutch East India Company, Flag of the Republic of the Orange Free State, Military history of South Africa during World War I, Military history of South Africa during World War II, South African Institute of Race Relations, Timeline of liberal parties in South Africa, "Portuguese & Dutch Exploration of South Africa", "Dutch East India Company (DEIC)/VOC | South African History Online", "mtDNA variation in the South African Kung and Khwe, and their genetic relationships to other African populations", "History of click-speaking populations of Africa inferred from mtDNA and Y chromosome genetic variation", "The archaeology of indigenous herders in the Western Cape of South Africa", "Genetic and Demographic Implications of the Bantu Expansion: Insights from Human Paternal Lineages", "The archaeological evidence for the appearance of pastoralism and farming in southern Africa", "The Untold Stories of Slavery at Cape Town's Iziko Slave Lodge", "South Africa - British occupation of the Cape | Britannica", https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/batavian-republic-1803-1806, "A Tempest In A Teapot? From the 1830s onwards, numbers of white settlers from the Cape Colony crossed the Orange River and started arriving in the fertile southern part of territory known as the Lower Caledon Valley, which was occupied by Basotho cattle herders under the authority of the Basotho founding monarch Moshoeshoe I. The trade union movement was divided. "B&J": Jacob Bercovitch and Richard Jackson. Pages in category "Afrikaans-language surnames" The following 148 pages are in this category, out of 148 total. The Coloured element was generally supportive and many served in a Coloured Corps in East Africa and France, also hoping to better themselves after the war.[131]. In the event of a vacancy the Deputy President serves as Acting President. 35. [145], The early-1940s saw the pro-Nazi Ossewa Brandwag (OB) movement become half-a-million strong, including future prime minister John Vorster and Hendrik van den Bergh, the future head of police intelligence. At the start of the war, Bank of England officials in London worked with South Africa to block gold shipments to Germany, and force mine owners to sell only to the British Treasury, at prices set by the Treasury. There are 3,000 census records available for the last name South African. Barend-van Haeften, Marijke; Paasman, Bert: Delmas, Adrien, 'The Role of Writing in the First Steps of the Colony: A Short Enquiry in the Journal of Jan van Riebeeck, 16521662', in. . "Disease and Society: VOC Cape Town, Its People, and the Smallpox Epidemics of 1713, 1755, and 1767," Kleio 27, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 09:53. Meanwhile, the British, who viewed their defeat at Majuba as an aberration, forged ahead with their desire to federate the Southern African colonies and republics. In early South Africa, European notions of national boundaries and land ownership had no counterparts in African political culture. Ahishakiye (Rwandan origin) meaning "whenever God wants". [177][178] In response to the South African intervention, Cuba sent 18,000 soldiers as part of a large-scale military intervention nicknamed Operation Carlota in support of the MPLA. 2022 Sandbox Networks Inc. All rights reserved. On 4 November 1977, the Security Council imposed a mandatory arms embargo in terms of Resolution 181 calling upon all States to cease the sale and shipment of arms, ammunition and military vehicles to South Africa. They moved about 500 miles eastward, over the Quathlamba (today known as the Drakensberg mountain range), settling ultimately in an area officially designated as "Nomansland", which the Griquas renamed Griqualand East. ): Fourie, J.; Boshoff, W. (2008). Crocodile Bakoena Bahurutshe Setswana Botswana, South Africa . Elphick, Richard; Giliomee, Hermann (eds. Long-standing Boer resentment turned into full-blown rebellion in the Transvaal and the first AngloBoer War, also known as the Boer Insurrection, broke out in 1880. [4] The Dutch East India Company established a trading post in Cape Town under the command of Jan van Riebeeck in 1652,[5] European workers who settled at the Cape became known as the Free Burghers and gradually established farms in the Dutch Cape Colony.[6]. It has, however, been verified that 17,182 black people died mainly of diseases in the Cape concentration camps alone, but this figure is not accepted historically as a true reflection of the overall numbers. However, an ill-informed British attempt to force the states of southern Africa into a British federation led to inter-ethnic tensions and the First Boer War. Philip's intention was for the Griquas to protect the missionary station there against banditti in the region, and as a bulwark against the northward movement of white settlers from the Cape Colony. Special African Surnames, their Origin and What they Mean 1. 2. [74], Although no formally surveyed boundaries existed, Griqua leader Nicolaas Waterboer claimed the diamond fields were situated on land belonging to the Griquas. Mannan: Mannan is a Hindu surname meaning 'king' in Tamil. Cecil Rhodes and Charles Rudd followed, with their Gold Fields of South Africa company. After the discovery of hominins at Taung and australopithecine fossils in limestone caves at Sterkfontein, Swartkrans, and Kromdraai these areas were collectively designated a World Heritage site. The first 1,000 indentured Chinese labourers arrived in June 1904. Thabani m Southern African, Zulu, Ndebele. [160] [92], During the final campaign, Sekukuni (also spelled Sekhukhune) and members of his entourage took refuge in a mountain cave where he was cut off from food and water. [228] The slow pace of transformation also fomented tensions within the tripartite alliance between the ANC, the Communist Party and the Congress of South African Trade Unions.[229].