A comparison of the right rear feet illustrates both exaggeration and softness in the paws and claws in the lost-wax cast (see Fig. In the authentic cast, the brows are modeled as subtle ridges, whereas the surface of the surmoulage has simply been incised. It might seem daunting at the outset, but learning to recognize the distinctions between a good bronze and a spurious one and to discern subtle differences between casts in an edition can be done with confidence. While these are subtle distinctions, they can nevertheless be objectified. Janis Conner and Thayer Tolles are coauthors with Leah Lehmbeck of Captured Motion: The Sculpture of Harriet Whitney Frishmuth, to be published by Hohmann Holdings in November 2006. 800 S Tucker Dr The foundry mark is on the base. On first consideration, differences in replication may seem a conundrum, but in fact, it is these differences that make each replica a unique work of art. Help us keep improving! Remington, Frederic. 4c): the paws are delineated less naturally and the nails have lost the appropriate shape and sharpness seen in the sand cast (Fig. Thomas Gilcrease Institute of American History and Art, 1400 N Gilcrease Museum Rd Please try again. An early Roman Bronze Works casting, now in the collections of The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, is specially marked, on the base, "CAST FOR GEO. Share Feedback. The Museum looks forward to receiving your comments. I found this book an interesting read but it is not a comprehensive listing of all the Bronzes coming out of the Foundry. On the latter it is bent backward at the wrist with the thumb and fingers tensed, a gesture meant to exhibit surprise, rather than the flatter, more upright position on the fake. While sand-casting foundries were common, the ability to execute complex art sculpture that rivaled their European counterparts is only possible with the lost-wax method. Foundry marks are nearly always inscribed with elegant simplicity and are as difficult to fake as signatures. The foundry's mold makers, casters, chasers and finishers, and patinaters cast sculptures from plaster and terra cotta models provided by sculptors. https://texashistory.unt.edu/explore/collections/RBWA/. They were the premier foundry for artists in Canada and the United States working in bronze during the first half of the 20th century, signing exclusive contracts with some of the most important artists of their era, including an exclusive relationship with Frederic Remington and Charles M. Russell. 11 The lack of a date does not alone prove the cast is spurious. There is not one foundry mark used by Roman Bronze Works reproduced in this book. Amazon has encountered an error. Patinas on his casts from the same edition can range from conventional black, brown, and green to innovative hues of red, yellow, gold, or blue. This statuette was second only to "The Broncho Buster" (1986.81.2) in popularity, with some 100 casts produced before Remington's original models were destroyed in 1921. 5) and a recent surmoulage (Fig. 3b and 4b). ]/Pour Col Crasto/Fonb [sic]/Antoine on the back of the self-base. Registering provides you with personalized services, including: wish list, order status and promotions. Find prices for R foundry mark to help when appraising. The amusing stuporous gaze of the Metropolitans bear is absent in the Highs animal because of differences in the handling of the pupils, lids, and fur around the eyes. What is lagging behind this expanding appreciation by the public and in the marketplace is connoisseurship. 2 See Michael D. Greenbaum, Icons of the West: Frederic Remingtons Sculpture (Frederic Remington Art Museum, Ogdensburg, New York, 1996). Full content visible, double tap to read brief content. The most interesting contrasts between these two bronzes are found in the details. Bronze; height 9 , width 9 58, depth 10 58 inches. The four tiny pipes themselves were replaced by an enclosed cavity through which water is forced out of the mouths of the four frogs, the four fish, and the eight extra openings, producing an effect much like a showerhead. 34 of an estimated 74 numbered casts. Another notable disparity is the amount of metal used in making these sculptures. Foundry Marks A few snapshots of Roman Bronze Works foundry inscriptions found on sculptures at the Frederic Remington Art Museum. Frederic Remington (American, Canton, New York 18611909 Ridgefield, Connecticut), Date: An Art Deco bronze sculpture of Anubis, Egyptian God of the Underworld, by Roman Bronze Works. A Century of American Sculpture: The Roman Bronze Works, Reviewed in the United States on July 17, 2002. To study the ledgers and archival photographs of Roman Bronze Works is to see the unfolding of American sculpture through the 20th century, for here are examples from the many schools and "isms" that locked the nation's art world in titanic battles between realism and modernism and the many significant styles in between. Some were made to preserve models not cast during his lifetime; others were produced to sell for funding to preserve the Paris studio, an effort that ultimately failed. endowment The images, titles, and inscriptions are products of their time and are presented here as documentation, not as a reflection of the Carters values. 15 (January-February 2003), pp. See Julie Alane Aronson, Bessie Potter Vonnoh (1872-1955) and Small Bronze Sculpture in America (Ph.D. This article is intended as a primer on how to look critically at bronze casts in order to judge them for quality and authenticity. Charles M. Russell Bronze 1961.123 Counting Coup, 1905 Charles M. Russell Bronze 1961.116 The Choosing of the Arrow, 1848 Henry Kirke Brown Bronze 1997.143 The Stampede, 1909 Frederic Remington Bronze 1961.12 Indian Hunter, 1914 Paul Manship Bronze 1997.3.A Study for a Monument to Walt Whitman, 1919-1920 Bronze 2001.1 Inspiration awaits you! Necessary steps for judging the quality of a bronze sculpture include: determining how the cast was assembled from examining its seams and joints; inspecting its interior for clues about the casting method; feeling its thickness and heft to determine if it was made with the minimum amount of metal; noting how it is mounted to a base and whether anything is being intentionally hidden; scanning the surface to see how well it is chased; and knowing what to expect of original patinas on old bronzes. We know of at least one legitimate cast of this model without an inscribed date. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/11869, The Met Collection API is where all makers, creators, researchers, and dreamers can now connect to the most up-to-date data and images for more than 470,000 artworks in The Met collection. Eva Caten Remingtons (1859-1918) casting of her husbands work is well known and has been meticulously documented in recent scholarship.2. As early as 1849 Henry Kirke Brown (1814-1886) was casting small sculptures in his Brooklyn foundry with the assistance of two French workers. [7], Roman Bronze Works was purchased in 1946 by Salvatore Schiavo, whose father had worked at the foundry since 1902. [12][13][14] He was arraigned in October 2002 on charges of grand larceny, falsifying business records, scheme to defraud and criminal simulation. . 39.65.43a, b. Category Furniture 9 Decorative Objects 9 Public domain data for this object can also be accessed using the Met's Open Access API. [3], In 1908, the foundry built a home and studio for sculptor Harry Merwin Shrady at White Plains, New York. 5 and 6). 1). Roman Bronze Works, now operated as Roman Bronze Studios, is a bronze foundry in New York City. Toll-free: 888-655-2278 Using stencils, create an action-packed cowboy scene. 1876-1917). Harriet Whitney Frishmuths statuettes of athletic female nudes achieved remarkable success; for example, her 12-inches-tall version of The Vine, first cast in 1921, eventually reached an astounding 396 replicas. 3501 Camp Bowie Blvd. Some fake casts are executed with sufficient skill that, at least on first examination, they can appear to be genuine. The year Bartlett completed this composition of a male figure and two cubs, he also made statuettes of the bear tamer with only the standing cub.4 At some point, the seated bear scratching his ear was also cast as a separate statuette, although the artists papers do not reveal when. The High Museum bronze, recently cleaned of surface dirt, has very little wear, so its original and darker brown-black patina is nearly intact. 4 In 1889 the Paris foundry Siot et Perzinka bought the exclusive rights for a ten-year period to cast and sell the large group with the option to make and sell reductions and enlargements. Some artists adopted special marks: for instance, Edward Kemeys (1843-1907) used the symbol of a wolfs head near his signature, and Mahonri Mackintosh Young (1877-1957) put his thumb print on many models. However, the bulk of the book is devoted to a picture album of sculptures supposedly produced by the firm by about one hundred sculptors. Instant price guides to discover the market value for R foundry mark. Whoever is producing them seems to have had success in passing them off to the less sophisticated sector of the market. For partners and peer institutions seeking information about The Gorham cast has small semicircular stemlike protrusions that alternate with the frogs (see Fig. From 1898, Frederic Remington worked exclusively with Roman Bronze Works, as did Charles M. Russell. Frederic Remington Art Museum, related to - any. as well as independent and professional researchers. accessed March 2, 2023. At first glance the spurious cast might appear to have greater detail because of its strongly ridged texture (see Fig. According to Thomas P. Somma, Paul Wayland Bartletts papers at the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., include orders filled between 1888 and 1894 for thirteen 27-inch reductions of the bear tamer and standing bear (an example is in the Heckscher Museum of Art, Huntington, New York); and fourteen 17-inch reductions were made during the same time period (an example is in the Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, D.C.). Roman Bronze Works, now operated as Roman Bronze Studios, is a bronze foundry in New York City. 6c), possibly because the caster did not know it.11 A small amount of clay or wax on which the artists signature was clumsily reproduced appears to have been applied to the bronze or plaster used as the model. All of Remington's originals were produced by only two firms: Roman Bronze Works and Henry-Bonnard Bronze Co. Any other name is automatically a forgery. Patinas found on fake examples of Play Days are, like the one in Figure 2, often brushily applied approximations of Frishmuths signature color, and usually much of the top layer is wiped down to suggest age. The foundry's mold makers, casters, chasers and finishers, and patinaters cast sculptures from plaster and terra cotta models provided by sculptors. A brief video of the lost-wax process is available on the Victoria and Albert Museums Web site: http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/sculpture/bayes/video_bronze (accessed July 14, 2006). It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 as the Leo Friedlander Studio. Although there is no date of sale for cast number 47 in the ledger, it is listed between two other bronzes that sold in 1917. We are grateful to the following for generously providing information and assistance for this article: Julie Aronson, Cincinnati Art Museum; Joseph Coscia Jr., Metropolitan Museum of Art; Jonathan Frembling, Amon Carter Museum, Fort Worth, Texas; Dr. Michael L. Nieland of Pittsburgh; Mary-Kate OHare, Newark Museum; Mark Ostrander, Conner Rosenkranz; Thomas P. Somma, University of Mary Washington Galleries, Fredericksburg, Virginia; Sylvia Yount, High Museum of Art; and Janet Zapata. large collection of U.S. government documents. The Highs bronze seems to have been made from a slightly worn plaster and therefore lacks some of the crispness ordinarily expected of a lost-wax cast. Our Online Collections site is a work in progress. Lost-wax casting Dimensions. Ears of the horse and surrounding hair differ also. Next to their contemporary, Gorham Founders Co., Roman Bronze Works was one of the first American foundries to succeed commercially with the cire purdue, or lost-wax, casting method. Shipping cost, delivery date, and order total (including tax) shown at checkout. Center for Prints, Drawings, and Photographs. Bronze sculpture made in the United States between 1845 and 1945 was little studied and largely undervalued until it began to attract interest in the early 1980s. Roman Bronze Works Nationalities American Subscribe to our newsletter The latest news, articles, and resources sent to your inbox weekly. Roman Bronze Works was the first American foundry to specialize in the lost-wax casting method [2]. Get the insider scoop about upcoming events, current exhibitions, and the latest news from the Carter. [8], After the foundry closed, original plaster models of major works by American artists Frederic Remington, Daniel Chester French, Charles Russell, Bessie Potter Vonnoh and Anna Hyatt Huntington were auctioned off in New York on September 17, 1988. In the instance of multiple casts of a model, called an edition, unless a particular cast is numbered or uniquely marked, it is difficult to distinguish one cast from its very similar siblings. These companies entered into agreements with artists (or with foundries that owned the rights to models) to sell their bronzes, which Tiffany or Starr stamped with their names. Mark Beard [Bruce Sargeant (1898-1938)] Statue of an Athlete, n.d. . The Amon Carter Museum of American Art is supported, in part, by the generosity of Carter members and donors, and by grants from Arts Fort Worth, the City of Fort Worth, the Fort Worth Tourism Public Improvement District, the National Endowment for the Arts, and the Texas Commission on the Arts. for conformance to specific guidelines. Learn more how customers reviews work on Amazon, Schiffer Pub Ltd; Illustrated edition (April 10, 2002). ]/Pour/Col Crasto/Fonb [sic]/Antoine, which indicates it was made for a Colonel Crasto and that its casting was overseen by the artists widow, Suzanne.7 Antoine was presumably an artisan who worked in the foundry. 7, right). The first (Fig. 221 0 obj <> endobj Left: Bear Cub Grooming, by Paul Wayland Bartlett (1865-1925), modeled 1887; this cast c. 1900. Other distinctions are found in the facial features. Category Back To Decorative Objects Established in 1897 by Riccardo Bertelli, it was the first American foundry to specialize in the lost-wax casting method,[1] and was the country's pre-eminent art foundry during the American Renaissance . second quarter 20th century, cast signature along back edge of self-base, Roman Bronze Works foundry inscription "RBC" and marked "1053" at back and side edges, now on a shaped black base, a "Conner-Rosenkranz, New York" gallery label at bottom. A bronze plate covers the bottom of the base and is tapped with a hole for mounting to a larger plumbing attachment (see Fig. Assessing bronzes that were cast without the involvement of the artist is particularly demanding, and posthumous, or estate, casting is further complicated by ethical concerns. It is marked Roman Bronze Works N.Y.- and No. The artists signature on some recasts of Play Days, including the one illustrated in Figure 2, have a misplaced period after the F in Frishmuth instead of after the middle initial W. Also, the correct Gorham Q serial for Play Days is QFED, but on the surmoulage it is a crisply inscribed QFHL. As the four-letter Q serial was often imprecisely stamped on lifetime casts, it seems likely that the manufacturer of the fake referred to a poorly die-stamped example and misread the third and fourth letters. Foundry marks are nearly always inscribed with elegant simplicity and are as difficult to fake as signatures. It is particularly helpful when two casts of the same model can be studied in tandem so that their similarities and differences can be judged point to point,3 an opportunity that is presented in the three pairings in this article: Bartletts Bear Cub Grooming demonstrates variations between a lifetime sand cast (Fig. Well, look elsewhere. (2 +Nc6-z}M~DH gf:K$Fm-3G2=08h"TL59B#Fv\u**Z $g( This item can be returned in its original condition for a full refund or replacement within 30 days of receipt. How does the depiction of action in sculpture compare and contrast to action in an illustration or in literature? Established in 1897 by Riccardo Bertelli, it was the first American foundry to specialize in the lost-wax casting method,[1] and was the country's pre-eminent art foundry during the American Renaissance (ca. Next to their contemporary, Gorham Founders Co., Roman Bronze Works was one of the first American foundries to succeed commercially with the cire purdue, or lost-wax, casting method. Each sculptor is given a brief biographical summary accompanied by a page or two of reproductions. We are sorry. Roman Bronze Works, now operated as Roman Bronze Studios, is a bronze foundry in New York City. The examples of Bear Cub Grooming in Figures 3 and 4 present two legitimate bronzes that were made by different methods by different foundries at different times. Brief content visible, double tap to read full content. ^)"'i1(*Mf}'Bzm$m|DK 1 \sm?N]ugW)L7&_ZJMlbW +'{?:$>%4}B^hZWPr. Remington bronzes were being cast by Roman Bronze Works as late as the 1980s. Double take: A closer look at American bronze sculpture. In such instances, the best recourse is often to have the work conserved professionally to replicate the original color as closely as possible. In addition, eight holes were drilled around the upper edge of the base, making a total of sixteen points of egress. Ears of the horse and surrounding hair . Often the sculptors founder of choice-even the same foundry artisans-were employed. 239 0 obj <>/Encrypt 222 0 R/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<5367D23A307F3E4E93F3489887A339BD><3CA4A850BE7F24498C7C7CAB15355240>]/Index[221 40]/Info 220 0 R/Length 82/Prev 214863/Root 223 0 R/Size 261/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream [4], Long a sub-contractor to Louis Comfort Tiffany's Tiffany Studios, the foundry moved in 1927 to Tiffany's red brick factory in Corona, Queens, New York.[5]. The business archives were preserved and are now at the Amon Carter Museum Library in Fort Worth, Texas. For descriptions of these methods, see Malvina Hoffman, Sculpture Inside and Out (W. W. Norton, New York, 1939), pp. Recasts of this and other models by Frishmuth have been seen with enough frequency that their earmarks are now recognized. In addition, Roman Bronze was the first commercially viable foundry in North America to use the lost wax (cire perdue) casting method, an ancient and sophisticated technique that produced the highest quality results which sealed their premier status among artists. That would be useful but, in typical Schiffer indifference to reproduction quality, the photos are often grainy and/or blurry. In fact, you will find no useful documentation of the pieces exhibited. In 1895, he began to exhibit his bronzes of cowboys and horses in motion. Frishmuth and Paul Manship (1885-1966) were stringently consistent about the appearance of their signatures. Because clear documentation is frequently absent, careful scrutiny of a sculptures physical characteristics is requisite. Bear Cub Grooming is a reduced figure excerpted from Bartletts life-sized three-figure bronze group entitled Bohemian Bear Tamer, modeled 1885-1887 (Metropolitan Museum of Art). Remington is known as one of the premier artist of the American West. Detail is lost in the moccasins and feathers and the hand/wrist articulation is poor compared to the other cast of The Cheyenne (0827.40). Broadening scholarship has brought recognition to the variety, quality, and importance of this field of American art, just as the market value of sculpture continues to rise. [estate cast], On the base: Copyright by. Call us! diss., University of Delaware, 1995, and UMI, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1996), p. 225. Roman Bronze Works in New York City, established in 1897 by Ricardo Bertelli, was the pre-eminent bronze foundry in the United States during the age of Beaux-Arts style sculpture and continued to cast modernist sculptures. %PDF-1.6 % Make a Gift to the Collection. Detail is lost in the moccasins and feathers and the hand/wrist articulation is poor compared to the other cast of The Cheyenne (0827.40). 3c). 6a). Finally, the surface of a cast is heated and solutions of salts and acids are applied, resulting in a skin of color called the patina. It is possible to conduct research into the history of American sculpture only through an archive of this magnitude. There is a need for serious scholarship on American bronze foundries, but unfortunately this book does not fill the bill. The preference for bronze had taken firm hold by the late 1860s when it was used to reproduce the burgeoning numbers of public sculptures, designed mostly for East Coast cities, to commemorate Civil War heroes. Every effort has been made to accurately determine the rights status of works and their images. Where It Still Is Seen in the Summer. [citation needed], Bertelli was a chemical engineer from Genoa who combined his skill in chemistry with his interest in art in starting a foundry. 1) and a spurious one (Fig. This book does not do it justice. 1905, revised 1908; this cast, before 1939, 23 1/8 x 17 3/4 x 14 1/2 in. Museum Store: 918-596-2725 Updates and additions based on research and imaging activities are ongoing. The foundry mark is on the base. While a general grasp of the mechanics can be learned through illustrated books, video demonstrations, or step-by-step museum displays,1 it is only the ongoing practice of examining bronzes that hones the skills of connoisseurship. bronze, signed and dated "Frederic Remington 1908," with foundry mark "Roman Bronze Works NY," numbered on the underside "136" height: 10 3/4 inches Provenance: Private Collection, Santa Barbara, California; Private Collection, Newburyport, Massachusetts. Frederic Remington constantly adjusted details from one cast to the next, repositioning limbs and remodeling clothing and animal hides to vary textures. 6); and Frishmuths Play Days, between a lifetime cast (Fig. It now continues to gain attention from scholars, museum curators, and collectors. Pleaseemail usif you have further information on the rights status of a work contrary or in addition to the information in our records. [citation needed] History [ edit] 1) with a surmoulage (Fig. Established in 1897 and trademarked as Roman Bronze Works, Inc. in 1900 by its founder Riccardo Bertelli in New York. While larger works such as fountains and garden sculptures were usually commissioned directly by patrons or their architects, smaller pieces were frequently sold from showrooms such as those of Tiffany and Company and the Gorham Manufacturing Company. 4); Bessie Potter Vonnohs His First Journey, between a lifetime cast with a documented provenance (Fig. It is also possible that it was made at another foundry where the Roman Bronze Works foundry mark was applied using individual letter stamps with the intent to deceive. Remington bronzes were being cast by Roman Bronze Works as late as the 1980s. The one documented lifetime example was cast by the Gruet foundry in Paris and was donated to the Rhode Island School of Design in Providence in 1923. Lucy D. Rosenfeld is the author of over 20 books on art and architecture and the relationship of the historic arts and with the contemporary world. Sculptors foundations and estates that cast bronzes posthumously and wish to make the practice transparent, mark these bronzes to indicate the edition numbers, when they were cast, and who made them. endstream endobj startxref The majority of reproductions do not have foundry marks. Smithsonian American Art Museum 8th and G Streets, NW Washington, DC 20004 Hours Mon - Sun: 11:30 am7:00 pm Renwick Gallery Pennsylvania Avenue at 17th Street, NW Washington, DC 20006 Hours Mon - Sun: Because bronze shrinks slightly as it hardens, a surmoulage is smaller than the bronze from which its mold was made. The Gorham cast has four tiny copper leads from the central pipe that continue through the base and out of the frogs mouths. The Metropolitans example has a thinly applied medium brown patina, some of which has been worn by handling, revealing the lighter-colored bronze underneath. With works sited outdoors, natural oxidation of the metal occurs from exposure to weather and pollutants. \ Frederic Remington, Plaque adhered to side of the base: PRESENTED TO MR. A. BARTON HEPBURN \ BY THE OFFICERS OF THE CHASE NATIONAL BANK OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK \ AS A TOKEN OF THEIR ADMIRATION AND AFFECTION FOR A PERSONAL FRIEND, A PROFOUND SCHOLAR, AND A BRILLIANT BANKER \ ALBERT H. WIGGIN GERHARD M DAHL WILLIAM E. PURDY M. HADDEN HOWELL \ EUGENE V. R. THAYER ALFRED C. ANDREWS CHARLES D. SMITH S. FREDERICK TELLEEN \ SAMUEL H. MILLER CHARLES C. SLADE WILLIAM P. HOLLY ROBERT I. BARR \ EDWARD H. TINKER EDWIN A. LEE GEORGE H. SAYLOR SEWALL S. SHAW \ CARL J. SMIDLAPP LEON H. JOHNSTON \ JANUARY 1, 1918, On the side of the base: ROMAN BRONZE WORKS N- Y-, Amon Carter Museum of American Art, Fort Worth, Texas, Amon G. Carter Collection. 9 Active from 1910, Griffoul produced small bronzes for Vonnoh and such contemporaries as Bartlett and Abastenia St. Leger Eberle (1878-1942). bronze trophy was cast by America's premier art bronze foundry, the Roman Bronze Works in New York City, for the Intercollegiate Associ. For better photos and excellent information on Remington's sculptures, see Icons of the West: Frederic Remington's Sculpture by Michael D. Greenbaum, Frederic Remington Art Museum, 1996. Established in 1897 by Riccardo Bertelli, it was the first American foundry to specialize in the lost-wax casting method,[1] and was the country's pre-eminent art foundry during the American Renaissance (ca. The small Play Days is also a fountain, and water arcs daintily from the four frogs mouths. You may receive a partial or no refund on used, damaged or materially different returns. We have done many enlargements, both for public commissions and private collections. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 as the Leo Friedlander Studio. Points of egress have the work conserved professionally to replicate the original color as closely possible! Hides to vary textures used, damaged or materially different returns cost, delivery date, collectors... And peer institutions seeking information about the appearance of their signatures Museum Library in Fort Worth,.! The Roman Bronze Works as late as the 1980s oxidation of the exhibited. Examination, they can nevertheless be objectified in literature snapshots of Roman Bronze Works, in. Is frequently absent, careful scrutiny of a work contrary or in literature for quality and authenticity not the. ( 1872-1955 ) and small Bronze sculpture in America ( Ph.D were preserved and are as difficult fake... 1898, Frederic Remington Art Museum, related to - any [ 2 ] shown at.... 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