"'The land of my birth and the home of my heart': Enlistment Motivations for Confederate Soldiers in Montgomery County, Virginia, 18611862.'" These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. In the action that followed, he and his unit inflicted heavy casualties on the Union attackers. Despite his youth, Kirkland enlisted in the Confederate Army in 1861, not long after war was declared, before his older brothers. Honoring the heroes & heroines that fought that struggle is no disgrace. Daniel Library Stacks Call Number E548 .H4. Throughout the war, the Confederacy raised the equivalent of 1,010 regiments in all branches, including militias, versus 2,050 regiments for the U.S. Union slodiers - Yanks or Yankees . For further information address me at Mobile, Ala. (Signed) S. G. Spann, Comm'ing Choctaw Forces. Last modified on Tue 28 Feb 2023 01.43 EST. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. How does the consumer pay for a company's environmentally responsible inventions. III, pp. bushwhackers. This database contains an index of compiled military service records for volunteer Union soldiers who served with units organized in more than 20 states and territories, including states in the Confederacy. The truth is: these status, symbols, and the Confederate flag were and are displayed in order to offend and degrade our black Americans. Factmonster is part of the Sandbox Learning family of educational and reference sites for parents, teachers and students. Confederate private, illustration published in the Atlas to Accompany Official Records of Union and Confederate Armies, circa 1895. This could differ with some units, however, depending on available resources or the unit commander's desire. greyback - Dictionary Definition "Johnny' was applied as a nickname for Confederate soldiers by the Federal soldiers in the American Civil War; `greyback' derived from their grey Confederate uniforms" "As nouns the difference between confederate and greyback . [11], Under orders from Confederate President Jefferson Davis, C.S. The Northern soldiers nicknames were the Yankees or Yanks. These records contain both military and personal details and are useful for locating an ancestor in time and place and tracking his movements during the course of the Civil War. He first saw action during the First Battle of Bull Run (First Manassas), and later in the Battle of Savage's Station, Battle for Maryland Heights and Battle of Antietam, during which time many of his closest friends from Kershaw County were killed. To fully understand the vast changes the war unleashed on the country, you must first understand the plight of the Southerners who didn't want secession", "The Civil War News & Views Open Discussion Forum", "Memory: Frederick Douglass' Black Confederate", "Real Confederates Didn't Know About Black Confederates", "The Most Pernicious Idea: 150 Years Later", "Confederate Law authorizing the enlistment of black soldiers, March 13, 1865, as promulgated in a military order", "Understanding Fort Pillow: 'Full and Ample Retaliation', "SECTION III.DesertersPrisoners of warHostagesBooty on the battle-field", INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES IN THE FIELD, "West Points of the Confederacy: Southern Military Schools and the Confederate Army". May God forgive you as this is not what the New Testament is all about. They took slavery for granted as one of the Southern rights and institutions for which they fought, and did not feel compelled to discuss it. History was manipulated so these statues could remind the black people of their horrific brutal past and to keep them segregated from the white folk, while offending them. And collectively the armed forces of the North and the South are also known as "the Blue" and "the Gray," respectively, after the prevailing colors of the sides' military uniforms, though especially in the latter difficult stages of the war, soldiers from both sides, and particularly the depleted Confederates, wore much less standardized attire in a wide variety of colors. On February 28, shortly before Lincoln was sworn in as president, the Provisional Confederate Congress had authorized the organization of a large Provisional Army of the Confederate States (PACS). And Maryland's nickname "Old Line" refers to the steadfast Maryland troops from the era of the American Revolution. Then figure out what the total cost of the trip would be.? Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. W. Harrison Daniel, "Southern Protestantism and Army Missions in the Confederacy. The lack of central authority and the ineffective railroads, combined with the frequent unwillingness or inability of Southern state governments to provide adequate funding, were key factors in the Confederate army's demise. Other missionaries were funded and supported by the Episcopalians, Methodists, and Lutherans. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. In addition to the Indians, I will receive all white male citizens, who are good marksmen. [48] Soldiers who were fighting in defense of their homes realized that they had to desert to fulfill that duty. Copyright 2023 MassInitiative | All rights reserved. 4 - Un anuncio Audio Listen to this radio advertisement and write the prices for each item listed. It is estimated that over 100,000 Confederate soldiers deserted during the war, more than 250,000 died of wounds or disease and 200,000 were wounded. Kirkland did not stop until he had helped every wounded soldier (Confederate and Federal) on the Confederate end of the battlefield. former british soldier, refused to charge lower rents. Although only 20% of a sample of 429 Southern soldiers named slavery as the main reason they were fighting in the war, there was a reason for that, according to McPherson: Slavery was less salient for most Confederate soldiers because it was not controversial. [2], Kirkland went on to fight in both the Battle of Chancellorsville and the Battle of Gettysburg where, after further distinguishing himself for courage and ability, he was promoted to lieutenant. [99] Despite lacking foreign assistance and recognition and facing slim chances of victory against superior U.S. assets, Confederate newspapers such as the Georgian Atlanta Southern Confederacy continued to maintain their position and oppose the idea of armed black men in the Confederate Army, even as late in the war as January 1865. Kirkland responded, "All right, sir, I'll take my chances.". The war was nearly over by then, and only about two hundred slaves ended up being enlisted before the Confederate armies all surrendered.[22]. Slavery was less salient for most Confederate soldiers because it was not controversial. However people in some counties in the northeast section were very loyal to the Union. This database contains an index to compiled service records (CSRs) for soldiers who served with units in the Confederate army. Discover several new games that we've added to our collection! [31], Before and during the Civil War, the popular press of Richmond, including its five major newspapers, sought to inspire a sense of patriotism, Confederate identity, and the moral high ground in the southern population. See answer (1) Best Answer. McPherson states that Confederate soldiers did not discuss the issue of slavery as often as United States soldiers did, because most Confederate soldiers readily accepted as an obvious fact that they were fighting to perpetuate slavery and thus did not feel the need to debate over it: [O]nly 20 percent of the sample of 429 Southern soldiers explicitly voiced proslavery convictions in their letters or diaries. Johnny Reb is the national personification of the common soldier of the Confederacy. The yellowhammer is indeed a bird, but pieces of yellow cloth on the Confederate soldiers' uniforms resembled them, earning first the troops the nickname and then eventually the state. [57][58], Young Mark Twain deserted the army long before he became a famous writer and lecturer, but he often commented upon the episode comically. What did Union soldiers call Confederate soldiers? Others point to less overtly political reasons to fight, such as the defense of one's home and family, or the honor and brotherhood to be preserved when fighting alongside other men. A typical CSR will include an envelope that lists a soldiers name, rank, unit, and card numbers, followed by cards with details extracted from muster rolls, rosters, hospital rolls, Union prison records, payrolls, and other records, with a new card being created each time a soldiers name appeared on a new document. Emancipation was a salient issue for Union soldiers because it was controversial. They were generally referred by number and state, for example 1st Texas, 12th Virginia. According to Civil War historian James M. McPherson, in his book For Cause and Comrades, most Confederate volunteers stated they were fighting for liberty as well as slavery while many of the Union soldiers stated they fought to end slavery and preserve the union. Benning is one of 10 Army installations currently named in honor of Confederate soldiers. By the mid-war, most regiments averaged 300400 men, with Confederate units slightly smaller on average than their U.S. counterparts. Believing that local troops should be used only for the defense of Georgia,[69] Brown tried to stop Colonel Francis Bartow from taking Georgia troops out of the state to the First Battle of Bull Run.[70]. The Confederate States of America (often called the Confederates or the Rebels) was comprised of the eleven Southern states that broke away from the Union between 1860-1861, around the start of the Civil War. greyback (because of the color of their uniform), Johnny Reb, "[86], With so many white males conscripted into the army and roughly 40% of its population unfree, the work required to maintain a functioning society in the Confederacy ended up largely on the backs of slaves. Our site is COPPA and kidSAFE-certified, so you can rest assured it's a safe place for kids to grow and explore. Georgia Governor Joseph E. Brown was an extreme case of a Southern States Rights advocate asserting control over Confederate soldiers: he defied the Confederate government's wartime policies and resisted the military draft. Choose an expert and meet online. types of uniforms Confederate soldiers wore. On September 27, the maximum age of conscription was extended to 45. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Create new Board. What was the Souths nickname in the Civil War? At least one major was next in command. URL. The Cherokee, Choctaw, Seminole, Catawba, and Creek tribes were the only tribes to fight on the Confederate side. This index also includes Confederate soldiers who later served with the Union Army. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. At home their families were in worsening condition and faced starvation and the depredations of roving bands of marauders. In 1965, sculptor Felix de Weldon unveiled a statue in front of the stone wall at the Fredericksburg battlefield in Kirkland's honor. This easy-to-use database lists over 6 million Confederate and Union soldiers, and 18,000 African American sailors. Richard Rowland Kirkland (August 1843 September 20, 1863), known as "The Angel of Marye's Heights", was a Confederate soldier during the American Civil War, noted by both sides for his bravery and the story of his humanitarian actions during the Battle of Fredericksburg. For Free. For Confederate army soldiers, there are two major records in NARA that provide information on military service: (1) compiled military service record (CMSR) and (2) records reproduced in microfilm publication M861, Compiled Records Showing Service of Military Units in Confederate Organizations (74 rolls). Website Name. [105], Though most Confederates were opposed to the idea of using black soldiers, a small number suggested the idea. Four regiments usually formed a brigade, although as the number of soldiers in many regiments became greatly reduced, especially later in the war, more than four were often assigned to a brigade. Results 1-20 of 67 View Record Name Birth Date Enlistment Date Enlistment Place Rank; To get better results, add more information such as Birth Info, Death Info or Locationeven a guess will help. uniforms, just as British soldiers were called redcoats because of The following calls for soldiers were issued: The CSA was initially a (strategically) defensive army, and many soldiers were resentful when Lee led the Army of Northern Virginia in an invasion of the North in the Antietam campaign. Johnny Reb: The Common Confederate Soldier Johnny Reb, the all-around general southern soldier of the Confederacy was often foraging for food, as supplies were frequently not forthcoming. This does not include an unknown number of slaves who were pressed into performing various tasks for the army, such as the construction of fortifications and defenses or driving wagons. 3.5 to 4 million soldiers fought in the civil war. Fold3 provides convenient access to military records, including the stories, photos, and personal documents of the men and women who served. HISTORY. color of their uniform), Grays, Johnny Reb, Johnny, or just plain The Tennessee Confederates tried to force the Union sympathizers into the Confederate Army or into prison. As early as November 1864, some Confederates knew that the chance of securing victory against the U.S. was slim. Get a free answer to a quick problem. Was Slavery the Primary Cause of the Civil War? on June 25, 2020, There are no reviews yet. ', "The South's Inner Civil War: The more fiercely the Confederacy fought for its independence, the more bitterly divided it became. In response, some Confederate artillery crews started forcing slaves to load the cannons. web pages The idea of arming the Confederacy's slaves for use as soldiers was speculated on from the onset of the war, but such proposals were not seriously considered by Jefferson Davis or others in the Confederate administration until late in the war when severe manpower shortages were faced. [25] On October 11, the Confederate Congress passed the so-called "Twenty Negro Law",[26] which exempted anyone who owned 20 or more slaves, a move that caused deep resentment among conscripts who did not own slaves. Please note that the Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System contains just an index of the men who served in the Civil War with only rudimentary information from the service records (including name, rank and unit in which they served). [81][83] During the Civil War, 28,693 Native Americans served in the U.S. and Confederate armies, participating in battles such as Pea Ridge, Second Manassas, Antietam, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, and in Federal assaults on Petersburg. the American Civil War; `greyback' derived from their grey Barring the same type of circumstances that might leave a lower grade officer in temporary command, divisions were commanded by major generals and corps were commanded by lieutenant generals. Indeed, white supremacy and the right of property in slaves were at the core of the ideology for which Confederate soldiers fought. [12][13] The United States, outraged by the Confederacy's attack, demanded war. Capstone Press, 2016.Who Fought? American Battlefield Trust, www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/who-foughtMilitary Pay. American Battlefield Trust, www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/military-pay. The color of the piping and kepi denoted the military branch. Lee's campaign against Gettysburg and southern Pennsylvania (a rich agricultural region) was driven in part by his desperate need of supplies, especially food.[80]. In 1864, the Confederates burned down Chambersburg, a Pennsylvania city they had raided twice in the years before, due to its failure to pay an extortion demand. This database contains records of Confederate soldiers who served in military organizations that were formed by the Confederate Government. The Sons of Confederate Veterans posthumously awarded Kirkland their Confederate Medal of Honor, created in 1977. Lee was formally designated general in chief by an act of Congress (January 23, 1865) and served in this capacity from January 31 to April 9, 1865. As in the U.S. Army, the Confederate Army's soldiers were organized by military specialty. In his 1997 book For Cause and Comrades, which examines the motivations of the American Civil War's soldiers, historian James M. McPherson contrasts the views of Confederate soldiers regarding slavery with those of the colonial American revolutionaries of the 18th century. Most historians agree that, no matter what he thought about when he went into the war, the experience of combat affected him profoundly and sometimes affected his reasons for continuing to fight. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. station23.cebu Some states (such as North Carolina) were able to better supply their soldiers, while other states (such as Texas) were unable for various reasons to adequately supply their troops as the war continued. These seven states also known as the Confederate States of America laid the foundation of the Confederacy during 4 to 9 February 1861 at a meeting held in Montgomery , Alabama. Another informal name for the entire southern region, which persists today in fact, is "Dixie," after the title of a popular song at the time which became the unofficial anthem of the Confederacy (or perhaps sometime during the Civil War it may have been officially designated as the South's anthem, I'm not sure). [97] Gary Gallagher says, "When Lee publicly advocated arming slaves in early 1865, he did so as a desperate expedient that might prolong Southern military resistance. He had also been a United States senator from Mississippi and U.S. Secretary of War under President Franklin Pierce. U.S. Civil War Era Uniforms and Accouterments, collections/strong/Duke University Libraries Digital Collections William Emerson Strong Photograph Album, 1st Confederate Battalion, Forney's Regiment, Confederate Enlistment Oaths and Discharges of the Army of the State of Georgia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Confederate_States_Army&oldid=1140479607, March 6, 1861: 100,000 volunteers and militia, January 23, 1862: 400,000 volunteers and militia. . `` that duty Indians, I 'll take my chances. `` 's attack, demanded.! Coppa and kidSAFE-certified, so you can rest assured it 's a safe place for to. Heroes & heroines that fought that struggle is no disgrace differ with some units, however, consent! From Confederate President Jefferson Davis, C.S Army installations currently named in honor of Veterans. Kirkland enlisted in the Civil war that duty Cause of the trip would be. section were very loyal the! 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The piping and kepi denoted the military branch addition to the Indians, I 'll take chances... Creek tribes were the only tribes to fight on the Confederate end of the piping and kepi the..., There are no reviews yet one of 10 Army installations currently named in honor of Confederate soldiers who in! Page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in northeast... Soldiers nicknames were the Yankees or Yanks you as this is not the. My chances. `` Daniel, `` All right, sir, I will receive white. September 27, the maximum age of conscription was extended to 45 roving bands marauders... Ensure basic functionalities and security features of the Civil war reference sites for parents, teachers and students at. Grow and explore Accompany Official records of Confederate soldiers who later served with the Union Army will! Unit commander 's desire and state, for example 1st Texas, 12th Virginia easy-to-use database over. 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